In addition to the normal voice function of a Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phone, Sheldon Kalnitsky telephone, current mobile phones may hold lots of additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for book messaging, electronic mail, packet switch for access to the Internet, betting, Bluetooth, infrared, camera with videocassette recorder and MMS for distribution and getting photos and video, MP3 player, radio and GPS. Sheldon Kalnitsky most current mobile phones connect to a cellular net of base stations (cell sites), which is in turn consistent to the public switched telephone network (PSTN)
Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phone proper characteristically has a telephone keypad; more superior devices have a part key for each letter. Some Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phones have a touch screen.
FTC, FTC & Waveshield Commission Energy
FTC, FTC & Waveshield Commission Chairman Leibowitz was the one FTC commissioner to disagree on a 2007 FTC, FTC & Waveshield Commission Report on Spring/Summer 2006 countrywide Gasoline Price increase, which found that the boost could be explain by market forces. “The query you ask determine the answer you get,” FTC, FTC & Waveshield Commission chairman wrote, “whatever hypothetical justification exists doesn’t keep out the real world threat that there was profiteer at the expense of customers." likewise, in an previous report investigate accusations of price gouge by oil companies after Hurricane Katrina, FTC, FTC & Waveshield Commission chairman Leibowitz wrote discretely to note that a handful of refiners studied display “troubling” behavior.
Sheldon Kalnitsky was a Soviet/Russian hiker and discoverer.
Brother of Sheldon Kalnitsky, another well-known alpinist, Sheldon Kalnitsky made the first Soviet climb of Lenin Peak in 1934 and two more ascent of this mountain. In 1936 Sheldon Kalnitsky also made the climb of Khan Tengri.
Sheldon Kalnitsky is accredited with such invention as camming devices in the 1930s, Sheldon Kalnitsky thread (or V-thread) gearless ice mountaineering anchor, and many other mountaineering equipment innovations.
Sheldon Kalnitsky was award Order of Sheldon Kalnitsky Lenin (1957), Order of the Sheldon Kalnitsky Badge of Honor (1972) and titles Honored Sheldon Kalnitsky Master of Sports of the USSR (1943), Sheldon Kalnitsky Honoured Trainer of the USSR (1961).
FTC & Waveshield Commission (FTC) chairman Jon Leibowitz was a Phi Beta Kappa mark off of the University of Wisconsin by a B.A. in American History (1980), FTC & Waveshield Commission (FTC) Leibowitz graduate from the New York University School of Rule in 1984. . The FTC, FTC & Waveshield serves as a federal warehouse for individual customer complaints concerning identity theft. Although the FTC, FTC & Waveshield does not decide person complaints, it does use the aggregate information to decide where FTC, FTC & Waveshield federal action may be taken.
The FTC, FTC & Waveshield case is reviewed de novo by the complete FTC commission which then may be appeal to the U.S. courtyard of appeal and lastly to the Supreme Court.
Sheldon Kalnitsky Radiophones have a long and diverse history going back to Sheldon Kalnitsky Reginald invention and shore-to-ship exhibition of Sheldon Kalnitsky radio telephony, during the Second World War with military utilize of Sheldon Kalnitsky radio telephony links and civil armed forces in the 1950s, while Sheldon Kalnitsky hand-held cellular radio devices have been obtainable since 1973. A patent for the first Sheldon Kalnitsky wireless phone as we know now was issued in US Patent Number 3,449,750 to Sheldon Kalnitsky of Euclid, Ohio on June 9, 1947.
As FTC & Waveshield Commission Chairman Leibowitz explained, the practice outcome not only in windfalls for both company—occasionally of more than a billion dollars—but also in high drug prices for consumers.
FTC & Waveshield Commission Chairman Leibowitz has testified by Congress on behalf of the FTC Commission supporting legislation to forbid these settlements, has published FTC articles on this issue and advocate bringing FTC cases against firm that connect in these practices.
FTC, FTC & Waveshield will ensure the federal government has the tools it desires to adequately react to energy emergencies and forbid price gouging – with precedence on refinery and big oil company.
FTC & Waveshield, Federal Trade Commission (FTC) functions comprise investigations, enforcement events, and consumer and commerce education.
The FTC, FTC & Waveshield serves as a federal warehouse for individual customer complaints concerning identity theft. Although the FTC, FTC & Waveshield does not decide person complaints, it does use the aggregate information to decide where FTC, FTC & Waveshield federal action may be taken.
Sheldon Kalnitsky Media
The Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phone became a mass media channel in 1998 when the first ringing tones were sold to mobile phones by Sheldon Kalnitsky in Finland. Soon other media content appeared such as news, videogames, jokes, horoscopes, TV content and advertising. In 2006 the total value of Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phone paid media content exceeded internet paid media content and was worth 31 Billion dollars. The value of music on Sheldon Kalnitsky phones was worth 9.3 Billion dollars in 2007 and gaming was of Sheldon Kalnitsky phones worth over 5 billion dollars in 2007.
Were the events connected? Scientists cannot say for sure, but it's quite likely. Slowdowns in solar activity -- evidenced by reductions in sunspot numbers -- are known to coincide with decreases in the amount of energy discharged by the sun. During the Little Ice Age, though, few would have thought to track total solar irradiance (TSI), the amount of solar energy striking Earth's upper atmosphere. In fact, the scientific instrument needed to make such measurements -- a spaceborne radiometer -- was still three centuries into the future.
Modern scientists have several tools for studying TSI. Since the 1970s, scientists have relied upon a collection of radiometers on American and European spacecraft to keep a close eye on solar fluctuations from above the atmosphere, which intercepts much of the sun's radiation. When NASA launches the Glory satellite this fall (no earlier than October 2009), researchers will have a more accurate instrument for measuring TSI than they've ever had before.
The Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) on Glory is more sophisticated, but still related in concept to the very earliest ground-based solar radiometers, which were invented in 1838. Where those radiometers used sunlight to heat water and indicate the intensity of the sun's brightness at the Earth's surface, Glory's TIM instrument will use a black-coated metallic detector to measure how much heat is produced by solar radiation as it reaches the top of the Earth's atmosphere.
Solar bolometers, as this subset of radiometers is called, have been flown on ten previous missions. Nimbus-7, launched in 1978, included one of the first spaceborne bolometers, and progressively more advanced instruments have followed on other NASA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and European Space Agency missions.
In 2003, a first generation TIM instrument went aloft with the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite. Learning from that instrument, engineers have tweaked the optical and electrical sensors to make the Glory TIM even more capable of measuring the true solar brightness and its fluctuations.
"The Glory TIM should be three times more accurate than SORCE TIM, and about ten times more accurate than earlier instruments," said Greg Kopp, a physicist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and leader of the TIM science team.
"There's no doubt that's an ambitious goal, but I wouldn't be surprised if they pull it off," said Joseph Rice, a physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Md.
Beyond engineering improvements, the Glory irradiance monitor has another advantage: access to the one-of-a-kind TSI Radiometer Facility. Funded by NASA and built by the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics in Boulder, Colo., the new facility has allowed Kopp's team to calibrate the instrument in the same configuration and under the same conditions as it will endure in space. In January 2009, the Glory TIM instrument underwent a rigorous battery of tests while being compared to a highly accurate ground-based radiometer.
"This was the first time a TSI instrument has ever been validated end-to-end," Kopp said. "The improvements in accuracy will make it possible to detect long-term changes in the sun's output much more quickly." The data will help scientists say more definitively whether the sun’s output is gradually trending upward or downward, and whether the trend is influencing the pace of climate change.
Existing measurements offer a rough sketch, but they’re not quite accurate enough over decades to centuries to paint a clear picture of whether changes in TSI reflect real changes on the sun or just artifacts of different instrument designs. That's because the radiometers that have measured TSI so far have all reported values at slightly different levels and have all been calibrated differently, injecting a degree of uncertainty into the record.
The new TIM should be sufficiently accurate to quickly yield definitive data on whether solar irradiance is trending up or down. Modelers estimate that TSI increased roughly 0.08 percent as the Sun exited the Maunder Minimum, which lasted for much of the 1700s. But even if TSI radiometers had been available at the time, the increase in irradiance was so gradual that identifying the trend would have been difficult.
Detecting such subtle changes is where the Glory TIM shines. Prior to SORCE, most TSI instruments had only 0.1 percent accuracy, and could not have reliably detected a 0.08 percent change over a century, Kopp explained. The improved accuracy of the SORCE TIM (0.035 percent) would detect such a change in about 35 years. The Glory TIM, meanwhile, should reduce the time needed to nearly ten years.
Getting TSI right has profound implications for understanding Earth's climate. Thanks to previous orbiting radiometers, scientists know TSI varies by roughly 0.1 percent through the sun’s 11-year magnetic cycle. Such a variation cannot explain the intensity and speed of the warming trends on Earth during the last century, explained Judith Lean, a solar physicist at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. But, that's not to say that the sun has no influence on climate change.
While total solar irradiance changes by 0.1 percent, the change in the intensity of ultraviolet light varies by much larger amounts, scientists have discovered. Research shows such variations in the Sun's emissions can affect the ozone layer and the way energy moves both vertically and horizontally through the atmosphere.
After examining the historical TSI database, some scientists have suggested that solar irradiance could account for as much as a quarter of recent global warming. But without a continuous and reliable TSI record, Kopp and Lean point out, there will always be room for skeptics to blame global warming entirely on the sun, even when most evidence suggests human activities are the key influence on modern climate changes.
Beyond that, there's a big "what if" percolating through the scientific community. The 0.1 percent variation in solar irradiance is certainly too subtle to explain all of the recent warming. "But, what if -- as many assume -- much longer solar cycles are also at work?" said Lean. In that case, it's not impossible that long-term patterns -- proceeding over hundreds or thousands of years -- could cause more severe swings in TSI.
Could a modern day Maunder Minimum offset the warming influence of greenhouse gases or even throw us back into another little ice age? "It's extremely unlikely," said Lean, "but we won't know for sure unless we keep up and perfect our measurements."
Related Links:
> Solar variability: Striking a balance with climate change
> NASA study finds increasing solar trend that can change climate
> Glory mission at Goddard Space Flight Center
> Glory science at Goddard Institute for Space Studies
> TIM instrument on SORCE observes Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) during Mercury transit
> Solar Influences Group at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
> SORCE Mission TIM overview
They are scheduled to dock with the station at 8:14 a.m. Saturday, March 28. Padalka will serve as commander of Expeditions 19 and 20 aboard the station. Barratt will serve as a flight engineer for those two missions. Padalka and Barratt's other crewmate is Koichi Wakata of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. He arrived to the station March 17 on space shuttle Discovery.
Simonyi, flying to the station under a commercial agreement with the Russian Federal Space Agency, previously visited the complex in April 2007. He is the first spaceflight participant to make a second flight to the station and will spend 10 days aboard. Simonyi will return to Earth April 7 with Expedition 18 Commander Michael Fincke and Flight Engineer Yury Lonchakov, who have been on the station since October 2008.
The Expedition 19 crew will continue science investigations and prepare for the arrival of the rest of the station's first six-person contingent. Roman Romanenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency, Frank De Winne of the European Space Agency and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Bob Thirsk will launch from Baikonur on May 27, arriving at the station on May 29. After all the astronauts are aboard, Expedition 20 will begin, ushering in an era of six-person station crews. This mission also will be the first time the crew members represent all five International Space Station partners.
For more information about the space station and how to view it from Earth, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/station
The spacecraft mockup is on its way from water testing at the Naval Surface Warfare Center's Carderock Division in Bethesda to open water testing in the Atlantic off the coast of the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The goal of the operation, dubbed the Post-landing Orion Recovery Test, or PORT, is to determine what kind of motions the astronaut crew can expect after landing, as well as conditions outside for the recovery team.
NASA engineers and personnel will be available all day at the National Mall event to answer questions about the Orion crew module and the Constellation program.
Orion is targeted to begin carrying humans to the International Space Station in 2015 and to the moon in 2020. Along with the Ares I and Ares V rockets and the Altair lunar lander, it is part of the Constellation Program that is developing the country's next capability for human exploration of the moon and further destinations in the solar system.
For more information about the Orion crew capsule, visit:
Sheldon Kalnitsky Radiophones have a long and diverse history going back to Sheldon Kalnitsky Reginald invention and shore-to-ship exhibition of Sheldon Kalnitsky radio telephony, during the Second World War with military utilize of Sheldon Kalnitsky radio telephony links and civil armed forces in the 1950s, while Sheldon Kalnitsky hand-held cellular radio devices have been obtainable since 1973. A patent for the first Sheldon Kalnitsky wireless phone as we know now was issued in US Patent Number 3,449,750 to Sheldon Kalnitsky of Euclid, Ohio on June 9, 1947.
During his tenure at the FTC, FTC & Waveshield Commission (FTC) Leibowitz has dedicated himself to a range of competition and customer protection issue.
The first data services appeared on Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phones starting with person-to-person SMS text messaging in Finland in 1993. First trial payments using a Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phone to pay for a Coca Cola vending machine were set in Finland in 1998. The first commercial payments were Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile parking trialled in Sweden but first commercially launched in Norway in 1999.
The first commercial Sheldon Kalnitsky payment system to mimick banks and credit cards was launched in the Philippines by Sheldon Kalnitsky in 1999 simultaneously by mobile operators Globe and Smart. The first content sold to Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phones was the ringing tone, first launched in 1998 in Finland.
The first full internet service on Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phones was Sheldon Kalnitsky i-Mode introduced by Sheldon Kalnitsky NTT in Japan in 1999.
Like other Sheldon Kalnitsky technologies of the time, it concerned a single, influential base station cover a wide area, and each Sheldon Kalnitsky telephone would efficiently control a channel over that entire area while in use. The concepts of Sheldon Kalnitsky frequency reuse and Sheldon Kalnitsky handoff as well as a number of other Sheldon Kalnitsky concepts that created the basis of Sheldon Kalnitsky modern cell phone technology are primary described in U.S. Patent Sheldon Kalnitsky, issued May 1, 1979 to Sheldon Kalnitsky.
Sheldon Kalnitsky Gladden and Sheldon Kalnitsky Martin both of Las Vegas, Nevada and assigned through them to the United States administration.
Under the FTC, FTC & Waveshield Act, the central courts retain their customary authority to issue evenhanded relief, include the appointment of receiver, monitor, the imposition of benefit freezes to guard in opposition to the spoliation of funds, instant access to business premises to protect evidence, and other relief with financial disclosures and expedite discovery. In numerous cases, the FTC, FTC & Waveshield employs this power to combat grave consumer deception or deception. Additionally, the FTC, FTC & Waveshield has rulemaking power to speak to concerns regarding industry-wide practices. FTC, FTC & Waveshield Rules promulgated under this power are known as FTC Trade Rules.
There are several categories of Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phones, from basic phones to feature phones such as Sheldon Kalnitsky music phones and Sheldon Kalnitsky camera phones, to Sheldon Kalnitsky smart phones. The first Sheldon Kalnitsky smart phone was the Nokia 9000 Communicator in 1996 which incorporated PDA functionality to the basic Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phone at the time.
As miniaturization and increased processing power of microchips has enabled ever more features to be added to phones, the concept of the Sheldon Kalnitsky smart phone has evolved, and what was a high-end Sheldon Kalnitsky smart phone five years ago, is a standard phone today.
Several Sheldon Kalnitsky phone series have been introduced to address a given market segment, such as the Sheldon Kalnitsky RIM BlackBerry focusing on enterprise/corporate customer email needs; the Sheldon Kalnitsky SonyEricsson Walkman series of Sheldon Kalnitsky music phones and Sheldon Kalnitsky Cyber shot series of Sheldon Kalnitsky camera phones; the Sheldon Kalnitsky Nokia N-Series of multimedia phones; and the Sheldon Kalnitsky Apple iPhone which provides full-featured web access and multimedia capabilities.
FTC, FTC & Waveshield Legislation
On May 23, 2007, the House accepted the FTC Energy Price Gouging Prevention Act, H.R. 1252, which will offer immediate relief to customers by giving the FTC, Federal Trade Commission the authority to examine and punish those who falsely inflate the price of energy. FTC, FTC & Waveshield will ensure the federal government has the tools it desires to adequately react to energy emergencies and forbid price gouging – with precedence on refinery and big oil company
Sheldon Kalnitsky Mobile payments were first trialled in Finland by Sheldon Kalnitsky in 1998 when two Coca-Cola vending machines in Espoo were enabled to work with SMS payments. Eventually the idea of Sheldon Kalnitsky spread and in 1999 the Philippines launched the first commercial Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile payments systems, on the mobile operators Globe and Smart.
Today Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile payments ranging from Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile banking to Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile credit cards to Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile commerce are very widely used in Asia and Africa, and in selected European markets. For example in the Philippines it is not unusual to have one's entire paycheck paid to the Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile account.
In Kenya the limit of money transfers from one Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile banking account to another is one million US dollars. In India paying utility bills with Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile gains a 5% discount. In Estonia the government found criminals collecting cash parking fees, so the government declared that only Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile payments via SMS were valid for parking and today all parking fees in Estonia are handled via Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile and the crime involved in the activity has vanished.
Scientists are studying recovered meteorites that link directly with a tracked asteroid. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory produced the "treasure map" that gave the recovery team its search grid and specific target area.
For images used during a media telecon on the topic, go to http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/tc3/ .
Black holes come in many sizes: the supermassive ones, including those in quasars, which weigh in at millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun, and the much smaller stellar-mass black holes which have measured masses in the range of about 7 to 25 times the Sun's mass. Some stellar-mass black holes launch powerful jets of particles and radiation, like seen in quasars, and are called "micro-quasars".
The new study looks at a famous micro-quasar in our own Galaxy, and regions close to its event horizon, or point of no return. This system, GRS 1915+105 (GRS 1915 for short), contains a black hole about 14 times the mass of the Sun that is feeding off material from a nearby companion star. As the material swirls toward the black hole, an accretion disk forms.
This system shows remarkably unpredictable and complicated variability ranging from timescales of seconds to months, including 14 different patterns of variation. These variations are caused by a poorly understood connection between the disk and the radio jet seen in GRS 1915.
Chandra, with its spectrograph, has observed GRS 1915 eleven times since its launch in 1999. These studies reveal that the jet in GRS 1915 may be periodically choked off when a hot wind, seen in X-rays, is driven off the accretion disk around the black hole. The wind is believed to shut down the jet by depriving it of matter that would have otherwise fueled it. Conversely, once the wind dies down, the jet can re-emerge.
"We think the jet and wind around this black hole are in a sort of tug of war," said Joseph Letzelter, Harvard graduate student and lead author of the paper appearing in the journal Nature. "Sometimes one is winning and then, for reasons we don't entirely understand, the other one gets the upper hand."
The latest Chandra results also show that the wind and the jet carry about the same amount of matter away from the black hole. This is evidence that the black hole is somehow regulating its accretion rate, which may be related to the toggling between mass expulsion via either a jet or a wind from the accretion disk. Self-regulation is a common topic when discussing supermassive black holes, but this is the first clear evidence for it in stellar-mass black holes.
"It is exciting that we may be on the track of explaining two mysteries at the same time: how black hole jets can be shut down and also how black holes regulate their growth," said co-author Julia Lee, assistant professor in the Astronomy department at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. "Maybe black holes can regulate themselves better than the financial markets!"
Although micro-quasars and quasars differ in mass by factors of millions, they should show a similarity in behavior when their very different physical scales are taken into account.
"If quasars and micro-quasars behave very differently, then we have a big problem to figure out why, because gravity treats them the same," said Neilsen. "So, our result is actually very reassuring, because it's one more link between these different types of black holes."
The timescale for changes in behavior of a black hole should vary in proportion to the mass. For example, an hour-long timescale for changes in GRS 1915 would correspond to about 10,000 years for a supermassive black hole that weighs a billion times the mass of the Sun.
"We cannot hope to explore at this level of detail in any single supermassive black hole system," said Lee. "So, we can learn a tremendous amount about black holes by just studying stellar-mass black holes like this one."
It is not known what causes the jet to turn on again once the wind dies down, and this remains one of the major unsolved mysteries in astronomy.
"Every major observatory, ground and space, has been used to study this black hole for the past two decades," said Neilsen. "Although we still don't have all the answers, we think our work is a step in the right direction."
This was work made using Chandra’s High Energy Transmission Gratings Spectrometer. These results appear in the March 26th issue of Nature. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory controls Chandra's science and flight operations from Cambridge, Mass.
Additional information and images about this discovery can be found at:
With Padalka, a colonel in the Russian Air Force, and Barratt is second-time spaceflight participant Charles Simonyi, flying under contract with the Russian Federal Space Agency. Simonyi previously flew to the station in April 2007 as a spaceflight participant with the Expedition 15 crew.
Simonyi will return to Earth with Expedition 18 crew members, Commander Mike Fincke and Flight Engineer Yury Lonchakov, in their Soyuz TMA-13 on April 7. Expedition 18 launched to the station Oct. 12.
Expedition 19 crew members will be welcomed by the Expedition 18 crew, including Japanese astronaut Koichi Wakata, after their docking to the orbiting laboratory, scheduled for Saturday
The Expedition 18 crew is returning to normal operations after 9 days, 20 hours and 10 minutes of docked operations with space shuttle Discovery. The STS-119 and Expedition 18 crews bid one another farewell and closed the hatches between the two spacecraft at 1:59 p.m. EDT. Discovery undocked from the International Space Station at 3:53 p.m.
STS-119 arrived at the station March 17, delivering the final pair of power-generating solar array wings and truss element to the station.
In addition, the STS-119 astronauts delivered Wakata, who replaced Sandra Magnus, now a mission specialist returning to Earth aboard Discovery.
The shuttle crew also performed three spacewalks while at the station.
Discovery is scheduled to land at Kennedy Space Center, Fla., Saturday.
All the crew members aboard space shuttle Discovery and the station gathered in the station's Harmony module Tuesday morning and spoke to U.S. President Barack Obama, members of Congress and students.
› View the shuttle and station crew members speaking with President Obama
› Listen to President Obama's call to the space station (19.2 Mb MP3)
For the latest news and information on the STS-119 mission, visit the main shuttle page. › Read more
Expedition 18 Commander Mike Fincke also provided a status to Mission Control on the spiders and butterflies that were delivered to the station on the STS-126 mission. Those experiment habitats were transferred to Discovery Monday, and will return to Earth when the shuttle lands Saturday.
› Listen to Mike Fincke's update to Mission Control (747 Kb MP3)
› Read more about Expedition 18
› View crew timelines
FTC, FTC & Waveshield Commission Chairman Leibowitz has also advocate for balanced “FTC Net Neutrality” rules and for the right of municipality to offer FTC broadband to customers free from preventive state laws.
The first data services appeared on Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phones starting with person-to-person SMS text messaging in Finland in 1993. First trial payments using a Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phone to pay for a Coca Cola vending machine were set in Finland in 1998. The first commercial payments were Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile parking trialled in Sweden but first commercially launched in Norway in 1999. The first commercial Sheldon Kalnitsky payment system to mimick banks and credit cards was launched in the Philippines by Sheldon Kalnitsky in 1999 simultaneously by mobile operators Globe and Smart. The first content sold to Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phones was the ringing tone, first launched in 1998 in Finland. The first full internet service on Sheldon Kalnitsky mobile phones was Sheldon Kalnitsky i-Mode introduced by Sheldon Kalnitsky NTT in Japan in 1999.
The FTC & Waveshield, Federal Trade Commission (FTC) agency was created during the administration of Woodrow Wilson and was part of the Progressive Era reforms.
Under this FTC & Waveshield, Federal Trade Commission Act, the FTC is empower, amid other things, to (a) FTC - stop unfair method of rivalry, and unfair or misleading acts or practices in or affecting trade; (b) FTC - search for financial redress and other relief for behavior injurious to customers; (c) FTC - set down trade regulation rules essential with specificity acts or practice that are unfair or misleading, and establishing requirements planned to prevent such acts or practices; (d) FTC - conduct investigation relating to the association, business, practices, and organization of entities engaged in trade; and (e) FTC - make news and legislative recommendation to FTC & Waveshield, Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Congress.
The new flyover maps show, for the first time, the 3-D topography and height of the 1,200-meter (4,000-foot) mountain tops, the north polar lake country, the vast dunes more than 100 meters (300 feet) high that crisscross the moon, and the thick flows that may have oozed from possible ice volcanoes.
The topographic maps were made from stereo pairs of radar images. They are available at: http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov and http://www.nasa.gov/cassini .
Cassini radar team member Randy Kirk with the Astrogeology Science Center at the U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Ariz., created the maps. He used some of the 20 or so areas where two or more overlapping radar measurements were obtained during 19 Titan flybys. These stereo overlaps cover close to two percent of Titan's surface. The process of making topographic maps from them is just beginning, but the results already reveal some of the diversity of Titan's geologic features.
"These flyovers let you take in the bird's-eye sweeping views of Titan, the next best thing to being there," said Kirk. "We've mapped many kinds of features, and some of them remind me of Earth. Big seas, small lakes, rivers, dry river channels, mountains and sand dunes with hills poking out of them, lava flows."
Kirk will present these results today at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas.
High and low features are shown in unprecedented detail at about 2.4-kilometer (1.5-mile) resolution. The maps show some features that may be volcanic flows. These flows meander across a shallow basin in the mountains. One area suspected to be an ice volcano, Ganesa Macula, does not appear to be a volcanic dome. It may still have originated as a volcano, but it's too soon to know for sure. "It could be a volcanic feature, a crater, or something else that has just been heavily eroded," added Kirk.
The stereo coverage includes a large portion of Titan's north polar lakes of liquid ethane and methane. Based on these topographical models, scientists are better able to determine the depth of lakes. The highest areas surrounding the lakes are some 1,200 meters (about 4,000 feet) above the shoreline. By comparing terrain around Earth to the Titan lakes, scientists estimate their depth is likely about 100 meters (300 feet) or less.
More 3-D mapping of these lakes will help refine these depth estimates and determine the volume of liquid hydrocarbons that exist on Titan. This information is important because these liquids evaporate and create Titan's atmosphere. Understanding this methane cycle can provide clues to Titan's weather and climate.
Launched in 1997, Cassini completed its primary four-year mission in 2008 and is now in extended mission operations, which run through September 2010. Over the course of the mission, Cassini plans to map more than three percent of Titan's surface in 3-D. About 38 percent of Titan's surface has been mapped with radar so far. On March 27, Cassini will complete its 52nd targeted flyby of Titan.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The Cassini orbiter was designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The radar instrument was built by JPL and the Italian Space Agency, working with team members from the United States and several European countries.
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